For our discussion, cortisone and its derivatives are steroids and are among the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs known. Their use can substantially reduce the swelling, warmth, tenderness and pain that are associated with inflammation.
Oral steroids are a non-narcotic type of prescription medication and are sometimes an effective treatment for low back pain. Like narcotics agents, oral steroids are only intended for use for short, one to two week periods of time. When used on a short-term basis, there are generally few complications associated with oral steroids.
There are, however, a number of potential complications associated with long-term usage of oral steroids. With long-term use, adverse side effects can include changes in appearance, acne, weight gain, redistribution of fat, stomach ulcers, osteoporosis, collapse of the hip joint, as well as other complications. In some cases, the skin becomes more fragile, which leads to easy bruising. These take weeks to begin appearing.
Psychological side effects of steroids include irritability, agitation, euphoria or depression. Insomnia can also be a side effect. These changes in appearance and mood are often more apparent with high doses of steroids, and may begin within days.
An increase in susceptibility to infections may occur with very high doses of steroids.
Other side effects that may be caused by the long-term use of steroids include cataracts, muscle weakness, avascular necrosis of bone and osteoporosis.
Avascular necrosis of bone, usually associated with high doses of steroids over long periods of time, produces hip pain and an abnormal MRI scan. Caught early, the joint can be saved by "decompression" by an orthopedic surgeon. Once full developed, avascular necrosis is painful and often requires surgical joint replacement for pain relief.
It is important to note that diabetics should not use oral steroids since the medication increases blood sugar. Steroids should also not be taken by patients with an active infection (e.g. sinus infection, urinary tract infection) because they can make the infection worse. .



